历史学家吉尔·莱波雷在新书中警告，科技公司正用算法和机器取代民主政府职能，导致暴政回归。她批评硅谷领袖误读科幻小说，尤其是马斯克，认为私人企业接管国家功能正在破坏民主制度。

哈佛历史学家、普利策奖得主吉尔·勒波尔在其新书《人造国家的兴衰》中警告，科技公司正逐步取代民主政府的职能，标志着“以算法、企业和机器统治形式回归暴政与神秘化”。她强调，自己并非反对技术，而是反对私营企业日益接管国家职能，且这一过程未经公众同意。勒波尔指出，硅谷的领导者，尤其是埃隆·马斯克，似乎正从误读的科幻小说和漫画中汲取灵感，推动一个由机器统治的未来。她认为，马斯克推崇的科幻作品实际上与其政治信仰相悖。勒波尔还批评了科技公司模仿国家机构的行为，如Facebook设立“最高法院”、Anthropic为AI编写“宪法”，以及山姆·奥特曼提议AI担任总统等，认为这些做法是“对民主的削弱”。她追溯了“人造国家”理念的历史根源，指出其源于19世纪将技术进步等同于唯一进步的思潮，并警告这种模式因破坏自然世界而注定失败。勒波尔呼吁，民主决策应基于公众协商，而非由科技巨头主导。

根据评论内容，总结如下主要观点及论据：

观点一：科技精英误读或滥用科幻作品，将其作为行为模板而非警示。 - 评论者指出，马斯克等人将科幻小说中的情节（如《全面回忆》的火星殖民地、《头号玩家》的VR世界）视为蓝图，而非警示。部分人甚至刻意模仿反派角色（如《杀出重围》的Bob Page）。 - 关键引用："With Musks ideas I often think I saw that movie/read that book... Like Zuckerberg‘s shift to VR that looks like he came out of the theater of Ready Player one." (评论3) - "In many cases I think it's less that they misread the fiction, and more that they intentionally model themselves after the villains in fiction." (评论12)

观点二：财富与权力导致科技精英脱离现实，缺乏对公共利益的共情。 - 评论认为，这些亿万富翁因财富隔绝了决策后果，变得自大且漠视民主制度、公共服务等社会基础。他们只关心自身利益（如税收、反垄断），而非普通人的福祉。 - 关键引用："They just got uberrich and now worry more about the concerns of the uberrich... Rule of law, functioning government... don’t matter when they are so far removed from the public." (评论2) - "Being and especially growing up rich tends to shield you from seeing the consequences of bad decisions... they end up being these delusional wrecking ball assholes." (评论5)

观点三：科技公司正取代政府职能，加剧不平等。 - 评论指出，在反政府思潮影响下，公共服务被私有化，导致少数未当选的商人拥有比民选政府更大的权力。科技公司并非追求乌托邦，而是放大了现有不平等体系。 - 关键引用："In the US... we've been brainwashed to think that government... must be bloated... Now we are in a situation where a handful of unelected business men have more power over our lives than the elected government." (评论10) - "tech companies haven't sought a utopia, they've simply amplified the current system, which is one of increasing inequality." (评论16)

观点四：对“科幻影响论”的质疑与反驳。 - 部分评论者认为，将科技精英的行为简单归因于科幻作品是混淆的。科幻首先是娱乐，读者可以只取所需而不必全盘接受其政治立场。此外，技术变革本身（如集装箱航运、互联网）才是国家权力削弱的真正原因。 - 关键引用："Why exactly should I agree with the implied politics of a fictional world if I like the work?... Straussian reading is also a possibility." (评论11) - "I believe that technological change is the principal cause of historical change... the invention of containerized shipping plus the internet led to globalization, which is the real reason nation states are eroding." (评论14)

观点五：科技精英的意识形态根源是客观主义与精英主义。 - 评论认为，硅谷深受安·兰德“自私是美德”思想的影响，并表现出对技术精英统治的向往（如阿西莫夫的“心理史学”）。这种将智力等同于智慧的倾向，导致他们自欺欺人。 - 关键引用："Silicon Valley has been heavily influenced by a different author. It just happens to be Ayn Rand... a strong thread between objectivism and transhumanism." (评论16) - "There is no bigger fool than a smart person who confuses intelligence with wisdom... We literally outwit ourselves." (评论15)