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日本最高法院裁定:人工智能不能列为专利申请的发明人 -- AI can't be listed as inventor on patent applications, Japan's top court rules

文章摘要

日本最高法院裁定,人工智能不能被列为专利申请的发明人。

文章总结

日本最高法院近日裁定,人工智能(AI)不能被列为专利申请中的发明人。该判决驳回了一名美国工程师的上诉,该工程师此前因专利局拒绝其将AI列为发明人的申请而提起诉讼。最高法院第二小法庭于3月4日作出决定,维持了东京地方法院和知识产权高等法院的裁决,即专利法中的“发明人”仅限于“自然人”。

根据下级法院的裁决,该工程师于2020年为其创造的AI“DABUS”所发明的食品容器等物品提交了专利申请,并将发明人列为“DABUS,自主完成此项发明的AI”。专利局要求其提供自然人的姓名作为发明人,但该工程师拒绝配合,导致申请被驳回。在诉讼中,工程师主张“即使是AI创造的发明,也应接受专利申请”,但地方法院指出专利法“预设发明人为自然人”,高等法院也支持这一立场。高等法院还表示,法律未预见到AI的快速发展,是否应授予AI创造的发明专利权“需要考虑到对社会的影响,进行充分讨论”。

评论总结

根据评论内容,主要观点和论据总结如下:

观点一:AI不能作为专利发明人,这是全球共识 - 评论2(cmiles8):“This is consistent with rulings in other courts globally around IP rights. IP protects content created by humans.”(这与全球其他法院关于知识产权的裁决一致。知识产权保护人类创作的内容。) - 评论5(lp4v4n):“no jurisdiction in the world would be able to approve AI as an inventor on patent applications... you could easily overwhelm any intellectual property bureau just by having your AI drown them in AI slop.”(全球没有司法管辖区会批准AI作为专利发明人……因为AI可以轻易用大量垃圾申请淹没知识产权局。)

观点二:AI生成内容应视为公共领域,但人类辅助创作可获保护 - 评论2(cmiles8):“Your AI slop is effectively public domain.”(你的AI垃圾实际上属于公共领域。) - 评论3(graemep):“This ruling... seems to support the position that a human can patent or copyright work done with AI assistance.”(这一裁决似乎支持人类可以对AI辅助完成的作品申请专利或版权。)

观点三:此案是测试边界的公关噱头,实际影响有限 - 评论9(woah):“This is a news article about a dumb publicity stunt... It has no bearing whatsoever on debates about whether AI is good or bad.”(这是一篇关于愚蠢公关噱头的新闻……与AI好坏或OpenAI是否侵权等争论毫无关系。) - 评论12(allears):“If you were seriously trying to patent some AI-created invention, why would you claim it was created by AI? You would simply put your own name on it.”(如果你真想为AI创造的发明申请专利,为什么要声称是AI创造的?直接署自己的名字即可。)

观点四:AI缺乏责任能力,不应享有权益 - 评论6(sebastianconcpt):“No AI has accountability so also should not own any benefits... Violate that and you created a blackhole of value creation.”(AI没有责任能力,因此也不应享有任何权益……违反这一点将创造价值创造的黑洞。) - 评论11(nekusar):“Thats why SOME humans will still be needed. They'll be accountability sinks when the AI in charge goes off the rails.”(这就是为什么仍然需要人类——当AI失控时,人类将成为责任承担者。)

观点五:对知识产权制度的反思 - 评论13(alzamos):“economists have looked at the various occasions in which patents were introduced... there is no evidence they actually improve innovation.”(经济学家研究了专利引入的各种情况,没有证据表明它们真正改善了创新。)