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GeoJSON -- GeoJSON

文章摘要

GeoJSON是一种用于编码地理数据结构的格式,支持点、线、多边形等多种几何类型,并可通过Feature对象添加属性。2016年发布的RFC 7946成为其新标准规范,取代了2008年的旧版。

文章总结

GeoJSON地理数据格式简介

GeoJSON是一种用于编码各种地理数据结构的开放格式。它采用JSON(JavaScript对象表示法)格式来表示地理信息。

核心特性

GeoJSON支持以下基本几何类型: - 点(Point) - 线(LineString) - 多边形(Polygon) - 多点集合(MultiPoint) - 多线集合(MultiLineString) - 多多边形集合(MultiPolygon)

带有附加属性的几何对象称为"要素"(Feature),而要素集合则使用"要素集合"(FeatureCollection)对象来组织。

格式示例

json { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [125.6, 10.1] }, "properties": { "name": "Dinagat Islands" } }

标准化进程

2015年,互联网工程任务组(IETF)与原规范作者共同成立了GeoJSON工作组(GeoJSON WG),旨在标准化这一格式。2016年8月发布的RFC 7946成为GeoJSON格式的新标准规范,取代了2008年的旧版规范。

(注:原文中的发布时间"Tue, 07 May 2019 15:34:25 GMT"与内容无关,已省略)

评论总结

以下是评论内容的总结:

正面评价

  1. 格式简洁易读

    • "the format itself is great, and it allows for a relatively compact and relatively human-readable presentation" (评论1)
    • "Much nicer than wrangling with binary formats like shapefiles" (评论7)
  2. 实用性强

    • "GeoJSON is super useful... to draw polygons on zone maps and quickly generate rates" (评论2)
    • "I’ve applied GeoJSON for mapping and monitoring tens of thousands of warehouse robots" (评论5)
  3. 工具支持广泛

    • "vega-lite supports rendering of GeoJSON via 'geoshape'" (评论3)
    • "geojson.io is a great editor/viewer by Mapbox" (评论13)

负面评价

  1. 性能问题

    • "most parsers are horribly inefficient, which is tough, because a lot of geodata is massive" (评论12)
    • "introduces a lot of bloat for really no benefit" (评论19)
  2. 功能限制

    • "doesn’t even support z + m values at the same time" (评论10)
    • "GeoJSON falls down is simplification of a group of polygons with common boundaries" (评论16)
  3. 坐标系问题

    • "some tools fully assume this and will completely screw with calculations if you’re assuming a flatland CRS" (评论5)
    • "Getting your CRSes wrong is fun..." (评论9)

替代方案

  1. TopoJSON

    • "TopoJSON solves this by encoding each such boundary only once" (评论16)
    • "using topojson to add arcs... cut down on quite a bit of points to represent curves" (评论11)
  2. GeoPackage

    • "we recently switched to GeoPackage files, as it allows for different layers" (评论9)
    • "GeoPackage... is not only more flexible but also much smaller" (评论10)

其他观点

  1. 非地理用途

    • "GeoJSON is not just for geographical features! Shapes of any kind work just as well" (评论15)
  2. 开发背景

    • "Made by Sean Gillies and a few others... when mapbox was doing all sorts of great open source stuff" (评论18)
  3. 工具推荐

    • "I built https://geojson.page" (评论22)
    • "https://geojson.io/... allows you to build GeoJSON graphically" (评论23)